IAS 36

Impairment
Calculator

Calculate value in use via discounted cash flow. Compare with fair value less costs of disposal. Determine recoverable amount and any impairment loss. Sensitivity analysis included.

IAS 36.18 defines recoverable amount as the higher of an asset's fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. If either amount exceeds the carrying amount, the asset is not impaired and the other amount need not be estimated. Value in use is the present value of future cash flows expected from the asset, discounted at a pre-tax rate reflecting the time value of money and risks specific to the asset (IAS 36.30).

CGU / Asset

Identify the cash-generating unit or individual asset being tested and enter its carrying amount from the balance sheet.

Discount & terminal growth rate

The pre-tax discount rate reflects the time value of money and risks specific to the asset. The terminal growth rate is applied to cash flows beyond the explicit forecast period using the Gordon Growth Model.

Forecast cash flows

Enter projected pre-tax cash flows for each forecast year. IAS 36.33 limits explicit forecasts to five years unless a longer period can be justified.

Fair value less costs of disposal

IAS 36.18 defines recoverable amount as the higher of value in use and FVLCD. If FVLCD cannot be determined, value in use alone is used.

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IAS 36.6: An asset is impaired when its carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount.

IAS 36.18: Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use.

IAS 36.30: Value in use reflects the present value of future cash flows expected to be derived from the asset, discounted at a pre-tax rate.

IAS 36 impairment testing: complete methodology

IAS 36 Impairment of Assets ensures that assets are not carried at more than their recoverable amount. The standard applies to all assets except those covered by other standards (inventories, deferred tax assets, financial instruments, and investment property measured at fair value).

The DCF approach to value in use

Value in use is calculated by estimating future cash flows from the asset over its remaining useful life and discounting them to present value. Cash flow projections must be based on reasonable and supportable assumptions representing management's best estimate of economic conditions (IAS 36.33). Projections beyond five years must use a steady or declining growth rate unless an increasing rate can be justified.

Selecting the discount rate

IAS 36.55 requires a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In practice, this is typically derived from the entity's weighted average cost of capital (WACC), adjusted for specific risks not already reflected in the cash flow estimates. The rate should be independent of the entity's capital structure.

Cash-generating units

When an individual asset's recoverable amount cannot be estimated, IAS 36.66 requires the entity to determine the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs. A CGU is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows largely independent of those from other assets.

Frequently asked questions

What is value in use under IAS 36?
Value in use is the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from an asset or cash-generating unit. IAS 36.30 requires these cash flows to be discounted at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the future cash flow estimates have not been adjusted.
How is the terminal value calculated?
The terminal value captures cash flows beyond the explicit forecast period. This calculator uses the Gordon Growth Model: Terminal Value = CF_n × (1 + g) / (r − g), where CF_n is the final year's cash flow, g is the long-term growth rate, and r is the discount rate. The growth rate must not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or countries in which the entity operates (IAS 36.33).
When is an impairment test required?
IAS 36.9 requires an entity to assess at each reporting date whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the entity must estimate the recoverable amount. For goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite useful life, the impairment test is required at least annually, regardless of whether there is any indication of impairment (IAS 36.10).
What is the difference between FVLCD and value in use?
Fair value less costs of disposal (FVLCD) represents what the asset could be sold for in an arm's length transaction, less disposal costs. Value in use represents what the asset is worth to the entity through continued use. The recoverable amount is the higher of the two. If either exceeds carrying amount, there is no impairment — the entity does not need to calculate both if one already exceeds carrying amount (IAS 36.19).
Why is sensitivity analysis important for impairment testing?
IAS 36.134(f) requires disclosure of key assumptions and the approach used to determine values assigned to each key assumption. Sensitivity analysis shows how the impairment conclusion changes under different discount rate and growth rate assumptions. This is critical for audit committees and regulators to assess the robustness of the impairment test, particularly when headroom is thin.

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