IAS 36 · Professional Services

Impairment Calculator
for Professional Services

Calculate value in use for acquired client portfolios, practice goodwill, and IT platform assets. Designed for accounting firms, law practices, consultancies, and other professional services businesses that grow through acquisition.

CGU / Asset

Identify the cash-generating unit or individual asset being tested and enter its carrying amount from the balance sheet.

Discount & terminal growth rate

The pre-tax discount rate reflects the time value of money and risks specific to the asset. The terminal growth rate is applied to cash flows beyond the explicit forecast period using the Gordon Growth Model.

Forecast cash flows

Enter projected pre-tax cash flows for each forecast year. IAS 36.33 limits explicit forecasts to five years unless a longer period can be justified.

Fair value less costs of disposal

IAS 36.18 defines recoverable amount as the higher of value in use and FVLCD. If FVLCD cannot be determined, value in use alone is used.

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IAS 36.6: An asset is impaired when its carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount.

IAS 36.18: Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use.

IAS 36.30: Value in use reflects the present value of future cash flows expected to be derived from the asset, discounted at a pre-tax rate.

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IAS 36 impairment testing for Professional Services

Professional services firms have asset-light balance sheets compared to manufacturing or energy, but those that grow through acquisition can carry significant goodwill and client relationship intangibles. An accounting firm that acquires a smaller practice pays for the client book, the trained workforce, and the recurring fee base. Under IFRS 3, the acquirer recognises client relationship intangibles separately from goodwill, then tests both for impairment under IAS 36. For a mid-market firm with five acquisitions over a decade, accumulated goodwill and intangibles might represent 60% to 80% of non-current assets. Because these assets are not supported by hard collateral (no factory, no fleet), impairment testing is the primary mechanism for ensuring the balance sheet reflects reality.

The VIU model for a professional services CGU runs on projected fee income and staff costs. Client retention is the single most important variable: a 5 percentage point drop in annual client retention can halve the present value of a client book over a five-year forecast. IAS 36.33(a) requires projections based on reasonable and supportable assumptions. For a professional services firm, this means the retention assumption must be benchmarked against actual historical retention data, not aspirational targets. The discount rate should reflect people-business risk: key-person dependency, client concentration, and the ease with which clients can switch providers. Professional services WACCs in Europe typically range from 10.0% to 13.0% for mid-market firms, higher than many asset-heavy industries because the "assets" (people and relationships) can walk out the door. IAS 36.55 requires this risk to be reflected in the rate.

Audit findings in professional services impairment often focus on the distinction between goodwill from the acquisition and the ongoing investment in the business. A common error is including the benefit of post-acquisition investment (new hires, new service lines, cross-selling into the acquired client base) in the VIU for the acquired CGU. IAS 36.44 excludes cash flows from enhancing asset performance. If the acquirer has doubled the acquired firm's revenue by introducing new services, the VIU for testing the original goodwill should reflect only the cash flows attributable to the acquired business as it was, not the enhanced version. In practice, separating "acquired" from "organic" cash flows years after the acquisition is difficult, which is why IAS 36.81 requires goodwill to be tested at the CGU level, not the individual asset level. Auditors should challenge management when VIU models include growth rates that can only be explained by post-acquisition investment.

For professional services CGUs, input the carrying amount of goodwill, client relationship intangibles, capitalised IT platforms, and office ROU assets. Set the discount rate between 10.0% and 13.0%, with the higher end for firms with high key-person risk and client concentration. Terminal growth at 1.5% to 2.5% reflects long-term fee income growth in European professional services. The critical sensitivity to test is client retention: model the impact of a 5 percentage point decline in annual retention on VIU. If that change eliminates headroom, the disclosure under IAS 36.134(f) should quantify the retention rate at which impairment would arise.

Frequently asked questions: Professional Services

How should a professional services firm allocate goodwill from acquiring a smaller practice?
Allocate goodwill to the CGU or group of CGUs expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination, per IAS 36.80. If the acquired practice operates as a standalone office with its own clients and partners, it's typically its own CGU. If it's merged into an existing regional office and clients are served from a combined team, the combined regional office is the CGU. The allocation should match how management monitors the integration.
What client retention rate should a professional services VIU model assume?
Base the assumption on actual historical data. Track the acquired client book's retention annually since acquisition. If year-one retention was 92% and has declined to 85% by year three, the projection should reflect the trend rather than assuming a return to 92%. Industry benchmarks from sources like the ICAEW Practice Benchmarking Survey can provide a cross-check. Document the basis for the chosen rate with supporting data.
Should post-acquisition cross-selling revenue be included in VIU for testing acquired goodwill?
This is a judgment call under IAS 36.44. Revenue from selling the acquirer's services to the acquired client base represents enhancement of the asset's performance and should arguably be excluded. Revenue from the acquired firm's existing services, even if volume has grown through the acquirer's marketing investment, is harder to separate. Take a conservative approach: use only the services the acquired firm was delivering at acquisition date, grown at a supportable organic rate.
How does key-person risk affect impairment testing for professional services goodwill?
If the acquired firm's value depends on specific individuals (a founding partner with deep client relationships), the departure of that person is an impairment indicator under IAS 36.12(d). The VIU model should reflect realistic client retention following any key departure. If retention historically drops by 15% when a lead partner leaves, model that scenario in sensitivity analysis. This is also relevant for disclosure under IAS 36.134(f) if the CGU has limited headroom.

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