IAS 36 · Retail

Impairment Calculator
for Retail

Test retail store portfolios, brand intangibles, and goodwill for impairment under IAS 36. Input store-level cash flows and calculate value in use for individual CGUs or groups of CGUs.

CGU / Asset

Identify the cash-generating unit or individual asset being tested and enter its carrying amount from the balance sheet.

Discount & terminal growth rate

The pre-tax discount rate reflects the time value of money and risks specific to the asset. The terminal growth rate is applied to cash flows beyond the explicit forecast period using the Gordon Growth Model.

Forecast cash flows

Enter projected pre-tax cash flows for each forecast year. IAS 36.33 limits explicit forecasts to five years unless a longer period can be justified.

Fair value less costs of disposal

IAS 36.18 defines recoverable amount as the higher of value in use and FVLCD. If FVLCD cannot be determined, value in use alone is used.

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IAS 36.6: An asset is impaired when its carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount.

IAS 36.18: Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use.

IAS 36.30: Value in use reflects the present value of future cash flows expected to be derived from the asset, discounted at a pre-tax rate.

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IAS 36 impairment testing for Retail

Retail impairment testing centres on two asset categories that dominate the balance sheet: store-related right-of-use assets (post-IFRS 16) and goodwill from acquisitions. A mid-market retailer with 50 to 200 stores may carry hundreds of millions in ROU assets, each of which falls within IAS 36's scope when indicators exist. Goodwill from acquiring competing chains or brands requires annual testing under IAS 36.10 regardless of performance. The combination creates a high-volume impairment testing exercise that demands structured processes. Without them, both preparers and auditors risk missing indicators at individual store level while focusing only on group-level performance.

CGU identification in retail requires careful thought. IAS 36.66 asks for the smallest group of assets generating independent cash inflows. For a retailer, this is often the individual store, because each store generates its own revenue from walk-in customers. But complications arise with click-and-collect models, distribution centres serving multiple stores, and brand intangibles that drive footfall across the entire chain. IAS 36.100 requires corporate assets (such as a central warehouse or head office) to be allocated to CGUs on a reasonable basis. Where a brand intangible can't be allocated to individual stores, it gets tested at the group-of-CGUs level per IAS 36.80. Auditors should map the CGU structure at planning stage and challenge any changes from prior year, documenting why the revised structure better reflects how cash flows are generated.

Regulators have flagged several retail-specific findings. The FRC in the UK and the AFM in the Netherlands have both noted that retailers' VIU models sometimes use revenue growth rates that exceed independently published retail sector forecasts without adequate explanation. Another recurring finding involves terminal growth rates above long-term GDP growth, which IAS 36.33(c) says should not normally be exceeded without justification. For store-level testing, a common error is failing to include store closure or lease termination costs in the disposal scenario when comparing VIU to FVLCOD. The FVLCOD calculation for a loss-making store should include the cost of exiting the lease, which under IFRS 16 means the remaining lease liability adjusted for any sublease income.

Use this calculator to test individual store CGUs or groups of CGUs. For a single store, input the carrying amount of all assets at that store (ROU asset, fixtures, allocated goodwill). Set the discount rate to reflect retail-sector WACC adjusted for the store's location risk and format. A high-street store in a declining town centre carries different risk from a retail park unit with strong anchor tenants. For the growth rate, European retail has averaged 1.0% to 2.0% real growth over the past decade, but online migration is compressing physical retail growth. Run the model at both store level and group level to check whether goodwill impairment is masked at the higher level by headroom in profitable stores.

Frequently asked questions: Retail

Should each retail store be treated as a separate CGU?
Usually yes, because each store generates its own cash inflows from customer transactions. IAS 36.68 says that if an active market exists for the output of a group of assets, that group is a CGU even if some output is used internally. Each store sells directly to customers, so it meets this test. Exceptions arise where stores are so interdependent (shared inventory pools, combined delivery operations) that individual cash flows can't be identified.
How should retailers handle brand impairment testing under IAS 36?
Brand intangibles acquired in a business combination usually can't be allocated to individual stores. Under IAS 36.80, test them at the lowest level of CGU grouping at which the brand is monitored for internal management purposes. This is often the retail banner or format level. The VIU model should reflect the cash flows generated by the brand across all stores operating under it, not just the stores acquired in the original transaction.
What indicators trigger impairment testing for retail ROU assets?
Common indicators include store revenue declining below breakeven, foot traffic dropping significantly, lease renewal at above-market rates, or a decision to close or relocate the store. IAS 36.12 lists internal indicators such as evidence that economic performance is or will be worse than expected. For retailers, monthly management accounts showing negative store contribution are a clear internal indicator.
How does seasonality affect retail impairment testing?
IAS 36 doesn't specify a testing date for indicator-based tests, but annual goodwill tests should use a consistent date each year. Retailers with heavy Q4 weighting (fashion, consumer electronics) should ensure their VIU projections reflect the full seasonal cycle. Testing at a low point in the seasonal cycle using only recent trailing data would understate expected cash flows. The forecast should cover at least 12 months of seasonal variation from the testing date.
Can a retailer reverse a previous impairment loss on store assets?
Yes, for assets other than goodwill. IAS 36.114 requires reversal when the recoverable amount increases due to changed estimates. A store that was impaired during a downturn but has since recovered its cash flows should be tested for reversal. The reversal cannot increase carrying amount above what it would have been (net of depreciation) had the original impairment not been recognised. Goodwill impairment is never reversed per IAS 36.124.

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