AA (Accountant-Administratieconsulent)

What is AA (Accountant-Administratieconsulent)?

The AA title traces its origins to the former Wet op de Accountants-Administratieconsulenten (Waa), repealed on 1 January 2013 when the Wab merged the RA and AA professions under a single legislative framework and a single professional body, the NBA. Both titles survived the merger. The AA is earned through an HBO (universities of applied sciences) education path followed by a post-bachelor AA programme, while the RA follows a university and post-master route.

In practice, the AA's scope centres on the SME market. AAs compile annual accounts under Dutch Standard 4410 (the Dutch equivalent of ISRS 4410), provide tax advisory services, and act as trusted advisers to owner-managed businesses. Where the client exceeds the statutory audit thresholds in BW2 Title 9 (balance sheet above EUR 7.5M, revenue above EUR 15M, or more than 50 employees on two consecutive years), the AA can sign the auditor's report (controleverklaring) provided the firm holds a Wta licence from the AFM. The one prohibition: since 2018, statutory audits of OOBs are restricted to RAs.

Worked example

Client: Dutch transport and logistics company, FY2025, revenue EUR 19M, Dutch GAAP (RJ) reporter. The company has 62 employees and total assets of EUR 9.1M. It exceeds two of three BW2 Title 9 audit thresholds on two consecutive years and therefore requires a statutory audit.

Step 1 — Determine whether an AA can sign

The engagement partner is an AA registered with the NBA. The firm holds a regular Wta licence (not an OOB licence). Van der Berg is not a public interest entity. The AA is permitted to sign the controleverklaring for this engagement.

Documentation note: record the engagement partner's title (AA), the firm's Wta licence number, confirmation that the entity is not an OOB, and the BW2 Title 9 threshold assessment demonstrating that a statutory audit is required.

Step 2 — Apply the applicable standards

The firm applies NV COS (the Dutch adoption of ISAs) for the audit. The AA applies NV COS 700 for forming the opinion and NV COS 200.14 for the ethical requirements under the Verordening gedrags- en beroepsregels accountants (VGBA). The audit is conducted under the same quality standards as an RA-signed engagement; no reduced scope applies.

Documentation note: record the applicable financial reporting framework (RJ), the auditing standards applied (NV COS), and the engagement partner's confirmation of compliance with VGBA independence requirements.

Step 3 — Compile the prior-year comparatives note

Van der Berg's prior-year accounts were compiled (not audited) by the same AA. Under NV COS 710.12, the auditor discloses that the comparative figures were not audited and includes an Other Matter paragraph. The AA documents the rationale for accepting the first-year audit engagement given the transition from compilation to audit.

Documentation note: record the nature of the prior-year engagement (compilation under Dutch Standard 4410), the Other Matter paragraph wording per NV COS 710, and the acceptance evaluation addressing the change in engagement type per ISQM 1 acceptance and continuance policies.

Step 4 — Issue the controleverklaring

The AA signs the auditor's report as "Van der Berg Logistics B.V. — Controleverklaring" with the designation "AA" after the partner's name. The report is filed with the Kamer van Koophandel (Chamber of Commerce) as part of the jaarrekening deposit. The signed opinion carries the same legal weight as one signed by an RA.

Documentation note: record the date of the auditor's report, the signing partner's name and AA designation, and the filing date with the Chamber of Commerce. Retain a copy of the deposited jaarrekening including the controleverklaring.

Conclusion: the engagement demonstrates that an AA operating within a Wta-licensed firm can perform and sign a statutory audit for a non-PIE entity under identical standards to an RA, with the key constraint being the OOB exclusion effective since 2018.

Why it matters in practice

• Some smaller firms assume the AA title carries a reduced scope of professional obligations compared to the RA. The VGBA applies identically to both titles. The AFM's inspection programme covers Wta-licensed firms without distinguishing between AA-signed and RA-signed engagements. An AA who signs a statutory audit opinion is held to the same NV COS requirements, and inspection findings are assessed against the same benchmarks.
• Firms transitioning long-standing compilation clients to statutory audit engagements (triggered when a growing SME crosses the BW2 Title 9 thresholds) sometimes fail to perform a formal acceptance and continuance evaluation for the new engagement type. ISQM 1.30 requires the firm to assess whether it has the competence and resources for the changed engagement, even when the client relationship is not new.

AA vs. RA (Registeraccountant)

The practical difference surfaces at the engagement acceptance stage. When a prospective client is an OOB (listed entity, bank, insurer, or other designated public interest entity), the firm must assign an RA as engagement partner. For every other statutory audit, the AA and RA are interchangeable from a regulatory perspective.

Related terms

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